McDonalds Corporation Product Design

Structure of merchandise and enterprises is a significant part of an association as it decides efficiency and hierarchical intensity. This is the motivation behind why item dispatches are significant piece of an organization’s target to logically develop inside itself. Structure of merchandise and ventures for the most part takes cautious arranging in light of the fact that each new item presented by the organization mirrors a considerable amount in capital turn of events. Item configuration is only one of the huge rudiments in new item improvement in an organization.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on McDonald’s Corporation Product Design explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from item plan, another item needs to advance through a few phases in its improvement which incorporate dynamic procedures, statistical surveying and inward interchanges forms. This paper is going to concentrate on how item configuration is applied in dynamic in McDonald’s enterprise and a depiction of item life cycle in a similar organization. Going before an interior authoritative dynamic procedure, a wide statistical surveying is directed by the association so as to ensure that the thoughts presented in the new item really agree with customers needs, inclinations and wants (Cross, 2011). McDonald’s organization possesses chains of quick nourishments cafés around the globe. This business requires visit changes in item plan since customer’s inclination and wants change on an everyday premise. McDonald’s eateries as a rule direct both quantitative and subjective investigations that are planned for testing new item thoughts with its clients. The food business has numerous contenders and in this manner assessment of items from various organizations is likewise significant. In most huge organizations as McDonald’s, senior administration is regularly entrusted with setting up whether the company’s a ssets are to be submitted being developed of new items. Thus, item advancement groups need to persuade the senior administration by offering the new items ideas to them (Cross, 2011). The senior administration assesses the item ideas and attempts to consider if the current operational assets are satisfactory to provide food for the product’s creation and assembling necessities. The item thoughts ought to likewise hold fast to the authoritative objectives and targets and consequently the ideas ought to be evaluated to show consistency with this factor. An organization, for example, McDonald’s has a few divisions inside and in this way interdepartmental correspondence is essential to guarantee items improvement and promoting is effective. Inward interchanges ought to be begun at the initial phases of item plan and testing to pick up bits of knowledge from various authoritative divisions and this further guarantees elevated levels of responsibility to the improvement of t he new item (Cross, 2011).Advertising Looking for paper on craftsmanship and structure? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The deals and showcasing office engages in dynamic at the last phases of new item advancement. Improvement of advertising and deals systems focusing available is finished. Item life cycle for the most part referrers to the period that starts with introductory item structure that fuses innovative work to the period when an item is pulled back from the market (Rodrigue, 2011). The McDonald’s eateries items experience a similar procedure as found in the past sections. New items experience explicit stages that start with statistical surveying and improvement, presentation stage where the new item is acquainted with the market, development stage, decrease stage lastly oldness stage (Product Design and procedure determination, 2007.p.67). Presentation stage includes the improvement of an item from the poi nt it was first conceptualized to the time the new item is acquainted with the market. The development stage is experienced if the item acquainted with the market is effective and thus offers begin to develop. The organization encounters elevated level of benefits in this stage and it improves its disseminations to its different cafés as rivalry sets in from different organizations who may have built up a comparable item or enhanced the previously existing one. Development stage is described by a circumstance where the new item is very much dispersed in the market and the item is presently normalized. As rivalry increments over cost, creation of the item is moved to bring down cost locales and this denotes the start of a decrease stage (Rodrigue, 2011). Taking everything into account, item configuration is applied in a few different ways in the dynamic of McDonald’s cafés. A few divisions are associated with advancement of another item in this company.Advertising We will co mpose a custom exposition test on McDonald’s Corporation Product Design explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Cross, V. (2011). How item configuration is applied in the dynamic of an association. Web. Item Design and procedure choice. (2007). Item Design and procedure choice. Web. Rodrigue, J. P. (2011). The Geography of transport frameworks. Web. This article on McDonald’s Corporation Product Design was composed and put together by client Laurel C. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

The Death of Emperor Montezuma

The Death of Emperor Montezuma In November of 1519, Spanish trespassers drove by Hernan Cortes showed up in Tenochtitlan, the capital city of the Mexica (Aztecs). They were invited by Montezuma, the forceful Tlatoani (head) of his kin. After seven months, Montezuma was dead, potentially on account of his own kin. What befell the Emperor of the Aztecs? Montezuma II Xocoyotzã ­n, Emperor of the Aztecs Montezuma had been chosen to be Tlatoani (the word implies speaker) in 1502, the greatest pioneer of his kin: his granddad, father and two uncles had additionally been tlatoque (plural of tlatoani). From 1502 to 1519, Montezuma had demonstrated himself to be a capable pioneer in war, governmental issues, religion, and discretion. He had kept up and extended the realm and was ruler of terrains extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Several vanquished vassal clans sent the Aztecs products, food, weapons, and even slaves and caught warriors for penance. Cortes and the Invasion of Mexico In 1519, Hernan Cortes and 600 Spanish conquistadors arrived on Mexicos Gulf coast, setting up a base close to the present-day city of Veracruz. They started gradually advancing inland, gathering knowledge through Cortes translator/fancy woman Doã ±a Marina (Malinche). They become a close acquaintence with disappointed vassals of the Mexica and made a significant partnership with the Tlaxcalans, harsh foes of the Aztecs. They showed up in Tenochtitlan in November and were at first invited by Montezuma and his high ranking representatives. Catch of Montezuma The abundance of Tenochtitlan was dumbfounding, and Cortes and his lieutenants started plotting how to take the city. The majority of their arrangements included catching Montezuma and holding him until more fortifications could show up to make sure about the city. On November 14, 1519, they got the reason they required. A Spanish battalion left on the coast had been assaulted by certain delegates of the Mexica and a few of them were murdered. Cortes masterminded a gathering with Montezuma, blamed him for arranging the assault, and arrested him. Incredibly, Montezuma concurred, if he have the option to recount to the story that he had willfully went with the Spanish back to the royal residence where they were held up. Montezuma Captive Montezuma was still permitted to see his counselors and take part in his strict obligations, yet just with Cortes authorization. He showed Cortes and his lieutenants to play customary Mexica games and even took them chasing outside of the city. Montezuma appeared to build up a kind of Stockholm Syndrome, in which he got to know and felt for his captor, Cortes: when his nephew Cacama, ruler of Texcoco, plotted against the Spanish, Montezuma knew about it and educated Cortes, who took Cacama prisoner. Then, the Spanish consistently goaded Montezuma for increasingly gold. The Mexica for the most part esteemed splendid plumes more than gold, such an extensive amount the gold in the city was given over to the Spanish. Montezuma even arranged the vassal conditions of the Mexica to send gold, and the Spaniards amassed an unfathomable fortune: it is assessed that by May they had gathered eight tons of gold and silver. Slaughter of Toxcatl and Return of Cortes In May of 1520, Cortes needed to go to the coast with the same number of officers as he could extra to manage a military drove by Panfilo de Narvaez. Unbeknownst to Cortes, Montezuma had gone into a mystery correspondence with Narvez and had requested his seaside vassals to help him. At the point when Cortes discovered, he was incensed, extraordinarily stressing his relationship with Montezuma. Cortes left his lieutenant Pedro de Alvarado responsible for Montezuma, other imperial prisoners and the city of Tenochtitlan. When Cortes was gone, the individuals of Tenochtitlan got eager, and Alvarado knew about a plot to kill the Spanish. He requested his men to assault during the celebration of Toxcatl on May 20, 1520. A huge number of unarmed Mexica, the majority of the individuals from the honorability, were butchered. Alvarado likewise requested the homicide of a few significant rulers held in bondage, including Cacama. The individuals of Tenochtitlan were enraged and assaulted the Spaniards, compelling them to blockade themselves inside the Palace of Axaycatl. Cortes vanquished Narvaez in fight and added his men to his own. On June 24, this bigger armed force came back to Tenochtitlan and had the option to fortify Alvarado and his troubled men. Passing of Montezuma Cortes came back to a royal residence under attack. Cortes couldn't reestablish request, and the Spanish were starving, as the market had shut. Cortes requested Montezuma to revive the market, yet the ruler said that he couldn't on the grounds that he was a hostage and nobody tuned in to his requests any longer. He recommended that if Cortes liberated his sibling Cuitlahuac, likewise held detainee, he may have the option to get the business sectors to revive. Cortes let Cuitlahuac go, yet as opposed to reviving the market, the warlike sovereign sorted out a considerably fiercer assault on the blockaded Spaniards.â Incapable to reestablish request, Cortes had a hesitant Montezuma pulled to the top of the royal residence, where he begged his kin to quit assaulting the Spanish. Chafed, the individuals of Tenochtitlan tossed stones and lances at Montezuma, who was gravely injured before the Spanish had the option to bring him back inside the castle. As per Spanish records, a few days after the fact, on June 29, Montezuma kicked the bucket of his injuries. He addressed Cortes before kicking the bucket and solicited him to take care from his enduring kids. As indicated by local records, Montezuma endure his injuries yet was killed by the Spanish when it turned out to be evident that he was of no further use to them. Today is difficult to decide precisely how Montezuma kicked the bucket. Repercussions of Montezuma's Death With Montezuma dead, Cortes understood that there was no chance he could hold the city. On June 30, 1520, Cortes and his men attempted to escape Tenochtitlan under front of haziness. They were spotted, be that as it may, and wave after rush of furious Mexica warriors assaulted the Spaniards escaping over the Tacuba boulevard. Around 600 Spaniards (generally 50% of Cortes armed force) were executed, alongside the greater part of his ponies. Two of Montezumas kids - which Cortes had quite recently vowed to secure - were killed close by the Spaniards. Some Spaniards were caught alive and yielded to the Aztec divine beings. About the entirety of the fortune was gone also. The Spanish alluded to this lamentable retreat as the Night of Sorrows. A couple of months after the fact, fortified by more conquistadors and Tlaxcalans, the Spanish would re-take the city, this time for good. Five centuries after his demise, numerous advanced Mexicans despite everything censure Montezuma for poor authority which prompted the fall of the Aztec Empire. The conditions of his bondage and demise have a lot to do with this. Had Montezuma wouldn't permit himself to be abducted, history would no doubt have been altogether different. Most present day Mexicans have little regard for Montezuma, leaning toward the two chiefs who came after him, Cuitlahuac and Cuauhtã ©moc, both of whom battled the Spanish wildly. Sources Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. . Trans., ed. J.M. Cohen. 1576. London, Penguin Books, 1963. Hassig, Ross. Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988. Toll, Buddy. New York: Bantam, 2008. Thomas, Hugh . New York: Touchstone, 1993.

Advantages of Windows Server Based Hosting Services

Advantages of Windows Server Based Hosting Services Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Advantages of Windows Server Based Hosting ServicesUpdated On 28/04/2012Author : SarveshTopic : Web HostingShort URL : http://hbb.me/12KGvOW CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogYou need to have deep understanding of pros and cons of using your services and making right choices when you are choosing your webhosting provider. This is the service, which is going to make your online presence more vulnerable and going to give you growth in the business ultimately by helping to reach more visitors at the same time. Choosing the right operating system for your hosting server is a hard decision to make but using Linux and Windows has some unique advantages and depending on your exact requirements choice to use required operating system in your hosting server remains in your court.There are many companies and individuals who prefer windows based hosting for their websites. As the scripts they have used are compatible with the windows and they are comfortable working on it also it is the most user-friendly operating system ever developed until now. The most recent windows operating platform is Windows Server 2008 and as always there are many advantages and disadvantages associated with use of this operating system.Advantages of Windows Web Hosting ServersThis is the only option available for the use of Visual Basic and DOT Net programming, If you have no ways to eliminate these scripts then you should use Windows servers as they are best options available to host your website.Being more familiar with windows, you do not have to be acquainted with the new operating system you can easily manage and maintain your website running on Windows hosting servers.Time comes when you have update and make your website more compatible using new resources and platforms. Windows is easily compatible with new platforms like PHP and My SQL, although you will have to understand that other software’s might not perform well on Windows platform as is done by VB and .Net.This platform is more compatible and favors the Active Server pages (.ASP) and dynamically database driven pages. Another advantage is use of FrontPage for webpage designing so windows servers will always prefer and favor them.Using Microsoft Access for database functionality is easy to use in windows hosting servers where in much more options for integration between these two.With the continuous screening of Windows by Microsoft for updates and support most of the problems, bugs and patches are eliminated automatically and do not have to use additional skills for that.READ5 Tips for Choosing the Right Web-Hosting ProviderThis guest article is written by Sarvesh. He is a part time blogger and loves to write on webhosting and tech niches. He blogs for a site selling best cheap website hosting services and WordPress web hosting.  If you wish to write for  us,  Kindly check this.

Symbolism In Desirees Baby, By Kate Chopin - 1120 Words

The mystery of the unknown appears in Gothic Literature almost everywhere, but while leaving the reader guessing, hints are included to guide an inference. In Kate Chopins â€Å"Desirees Baby† she explores the ideas of racism and the idea that women are under men and are the cause of all problems, she also includes symbolism to portray a deeper meaning which is present in her other works. Although it is not blatantly said in the story, it can be inferred that Desiree killed herself and her baby near the end of the story. There is a sense of uncertainty yet prominent foreshadowing that this was going to happen once Desiree has the realization that her baby is not fully white, and becoming dejected. This is inferred by the inclusion of quotes†¦show more content†¦This symbol has been used in many stories including Kate Chopins â€Å"The Awakening† where she uses water as a symbol of finding freedom and being awoken. Water as a symbol has a deeper meaning of finding oneself and being free. It is not just water, it guides characters and inspires them to either make a change or it sets them free from their worries. Being that Desiree was troubled by the new weight put upon her by the assumption of her husband, she feels as if she cannot live being so unhappy. The Bayou which is an area of water being semi-swamp like can be seen as a place of freedom for Des iree. Since she chose not to take the road to her mothers and instead took the less traveled path, it can be inferred that she wanted to be set free and thought she would never be free even after she left her husbands plantation. This plays into leading the reader to infer that Desiree has killed herself and her child. Kate Chopin also expresses the symbol of clothing by dressing Desiree in pure white, characterizing her as pure and someone who can do no wrong. The dress of Desiree plays into the foreshadowing that she is not the one to blame. White is seen as a color of purity. Desiree is described as wearing â€Å"soft white muslins and laces,† both playing into purity and femininity (Chopin 329).Show MoreRelatedForeshadowing And Symbolism In Desirees Baby By Kate Chopin701 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story called â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† written by Kate Chopin, the author used many different literary elements to describe and build up many characters. But two of the one that stands out the most was the foreshadowing and symbolism. These elements helped to build up Desiree Valmonde, one of the main character in the short story. First thing first is the foreshadowing, since it was the first thing most of the reader noticed. After the couple-Armand Aubigny and Desiree Valmonde- got marriedRead More Symbolism in Desirees Baby by Kate Chopin Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Desirees Baby by Kate Chopin Desirees Baby is Kate Chopins most well-known short story and most anthologized piece of work. The story takes place in southern Louisiana and her writing reflects her Creole-French descent. Chopin begins the story with a descriptive quote, when she reached LAbri she shuddered at the first sight of it, as she always did. It was a sad looking place...Big solemn oaks grew close to it and their thick leaved, far-reaching branches shadowed it likeRead MoreAn Analysis Of Armand Aubigny s Desiree s Baby 1538 Words   |  7 PagesArmand Aubigny’s Pride in â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† by Kate Chopin Through history, we have always yearned independence and equality as human beings. Undoubtedly, Kate Chopin is an extraordinary example She has landed a commendable place among American writers worthy of recognition. Born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1850, Kate was raised by strong women who taught her the value of an education. Her family gave her a revolutionary vision and a feminist personality, but it was her talented and passionate skillsRead More Kate Chopins Desirees Baby Essays1394 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins Desirees Baby This essay will focus on the short story by Kate Chopin and its use of symbols, setting and characters. Desiree’s baby was perhaps one of the best stories I’ve ever read. Analyzing it was not easy at all. Its use of symbols was very hard to comprehend. At first, it doesn’t make sense. But as you think criticallyRead MoreDesirees Baby Analysis Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesessay will focus on the short story by Kate Chopin and its use of symbols, setting and characters. Desiree’s baby was perhaps one of the best stories I’ve ever read. Analyzing it was not easy at all. Its use of symbols was very hard to comprehend. At first, it doesn’t make sense. But as you think critically, all the symbols, and setting and the characters in this literature plunge together in one amazing story. Literary Analysis on Kate Chopins Desirees Baby â€Å"Tell me what it means!† she criedRead MoreAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s Desiree s Baby 987 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of people are compromised.† Kate Chopin’s story, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† is a story solely of racial identity, sexism, pride and love. Throughout, there’s symbolism to indicate unequal gender functions, as well as racial prejudice. Readers become mindful of the effects love and pride has over actions, as the story foreshadows numerously. Thoroughly, analytical evidence will focus on the irony of racial identity, symbolism of sexism, pride and love. Desiree’s Baby is a short story centered directlyRead MoreRacial And Sexual Discrimination Throughout Desiree s Baby And Society1408 Words   |  6 PagesRacial and Sexual Discrimination Throughout Desiree’s Baby and Society It was a very tough life for many women and blacks during the 19th Century because of the domination of the white men. Their social and economic lives showed the hardships they faced and was a constant reminder of the domination. The social ideology present in â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† was a powerful and dangerous force that showed no mercy to any character. A woman with small children who lost her husband would find no support or comfortRead MoreKate Chopin s The Locket And Desiree s Baby1575 Words   |  7 Pages Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Locket† and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† are two stories where heart-rending news changed main characters lives. In the beginning of the both stories love between couples is described. Desiree is happy being wife and mother to newborn male baby while in the Locket Edmond is constantly thinking about his sweetheart Octavie. Both stories touch different sides of love, which appears fortunate in the Locket, but destructive in Desiree s Baby. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†, Armand begins distancingRead MoreDesirees Baby Analysis Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesTITLE In Kate Chopin’s story, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† she tells of a story set in Louisiana in the mid-nineteenth century on a white plantation some time before the Civil War when slavery was still legal. Readers will see the unraveling of a marriage because of assumptions and hatred that will lead to heartbreak. In this story, the readers will explore the impacts of racism and racial inequality and how the racial tension of the time effected the lives of Desiree and her husband Armand. Chopin begins herRead MoreEssay about Desirees Baby2009 Words   |  9 Pagesthe sex and color of a person. Kate Chopin exemplifies these roles very accurately within her story, Desiree’s Baby. In the short fiction story, Desiree’s Baby, the author Kate Chopin incorporates many motifs, symbols, and imagery to describe gender assumptions and racial roles for both men and women in the 1800s by narrating the story of an adopted mother named Desiree, with no known lineage, and her prideful husband Armand. The most notable literary devices Chopin incorporates to convey her message

Essay about Affirmative Action a Permanent Approach

Affirmative Action: a Permanent Approach One of the hottest debates in recent history has been the validity of a Civil Rights policy called affirmative action. The policy proposes â€Å"preferential treatment† to certain groups based on their minority status, giving them an advantage in job employment and some areas of education. The question asked most often is whether it is constitutional to give advantages to certain groups, excluding some, based solely on their race or ethnicity. It is up to our legal system to use â€Å"strict scrutiny,† or consideration from every standpoint, to assess the issue, which is â€Å"a cost-benefit test measuring whether a law that falls (according to the Court itself) squarely within the prohibition of the equal†¦show more content†¦One argument is that affirmative action will reduce the quality of employees, thus harming our economy by employing workers who only get the job because of their ethnicity, not because of skill or qualifications. Libertarian opponent s of affirmative action say that its policies are inconsistent with the liberal individualism since they require giving benefits to individuals based on membership to a group. In past Supreme Court cases, Justices who have decided against affirmative action have done so because they think that it will encourage racial thinking and alienate minorities. As a matter of policy, the degree to which affirmative action does unintentionally encourage racial thinking is of great importance, but it has no constitutional significance. What is brought into constitutional questionability is whether the rights of the white population are being violated by the affirmative action policy. The question that should now be asked is whether the unemployment of whites due to the loss of their employment to minority groups is justified by affirmative action. According to those who support the policy, it will be. Sarah Stroud, who wrote an article in Social Theory and Practice, asks whether affirmativ e action should be â€Å"justified primarily by backward-looking or by forward-looking considerations,† whether it should â€Å"be limited to hiring or should also includeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Affirmative Action: A Road to Discrimination and Prejudice1761 Words   |  8 PagesAffirmative Action: A Road to Discrimination and Prejudice Affirmative action: these words bring to mind many different things to many different people. To some it is a leveler of the playing field and a right for past injustices, but to others it is a tool used to cause reverse discrimination and continues prejudices. Affirmative action was born into a time when our country was attempting to provide equality for all and was only intended to be a temporary measure to bring about this equalityRead MoreWhich Country Has Successfully Implemented the Policy of Affirmative Action and Why Did It Succeed?11582 Words   |  47 PagesIMPLEMENTING AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN NAMIBIA A summarised guide to the Affirmative Action (Employment) Act (Act 29 of 1998) published and distributed by Namibia Institute for Democracy Updated 3rd Edition  © April 2000 All rights reserved Contents by Dr.J.W.F. van Rooyen NAMIBIA INSTITUTE FOR DEMOCRACY Namibia Institute for Democracy 53 Independence Avenue P.O. Box 11956, Windhoek, Namibia Tel: (061) 229117/8 Fax: (061) 229119 E-mail: nid@mweb.com.na http://www/iwwn.com.na/nid Read MoreEssay on The Resistance to Change1410 Words   |  6 Pages and ignoring unintended consequences. First Barrier Through Alex’s actions in the case study, he was under planning. As the beginning of the case study begins, Alex is warned about the potential problems that are occurring at the department, but he chooses to ignore them. Through his discovery of three letters, he begins to notice that there actually are some inconsistencies within the department and decided to take action. As a leader, there are responsibilities that should not be neglected.Read MoreAffirmative Action Research Paper2403 Words   |  10 PagesAffirmative Action University of Phoenix Susan E. Ricard Since the beginning of affirmative action, there has been controversy about the program being an effective tool to eliminate discrimination in education and the workplace. Even though the numbers with affirmative action plans seemed to have improved the percentage of minorities in schools and workplaces, it does not work to mandate that people change. Once the mandates disappear the numbers begin to decrease. In its conception inRead MoreTeen Court Programs Should Be Established1034 Words   |  5 Pagesoffenders because they are given the opportunity to think about their actions and correct their wrongdoings. First-time offenders, teens who do not have a juvenile record, are typically kids who get involved with the wrong crowd and commit crimes such as underage drinking or shoplifting. These special court cases are not a determination of innocence or guilt, but a way of determining the appropriate reformative course of action for the defendant. Typical teen court sentencing options include communityRead More Managing Diversity Essay1812 Words   |  8 PagesDifferences that replenish energy and undermine productivity and performance in an organization extend to issues like personality styles (Gordon, 2000). Diversity management contains three (3) components: 1. Equal Employment Opportunity/Affirmative Action programs direct attention to laws that guide recruitment and promotion. 2. Valuing differences centers on interpersonal qualities that shape management’s relationships with their employees. 3. Managing diversity focuses on the diverse qualityRead MoreManaging Diversity1891 Words   |  8 PagesDifferences that replenish energy and undermine productivity and performance in an organization extend to issues like personality styles (Gordon, 2000). Diversity management contains three (3) components: 1. Equal Employment Opportunity/Affirmative Action programs direct attention to laws that guide recruitment and promotion. 2. Valuing differences centers on interpersonal qualities that shape management s relationships with their employees. 3. Managing diversity focuses on the diverse qualityRead MoreConflict Of The Case Of Online Defamation1299 Words   |  6 Pagesapply to the case at hand. There appear to be three stages involved: (a) the inquiry whether there is a conflict of policy, (b) the inquiry whether there is a conflict in application, and, (c) if the answer to the previous two questions is in the affirmative, the resolution of the resulting conflict. In the normal case, where the facts and events that are said to constitute the tort have all occurred in one country, there is no difficulty in deciding where the said wrong was committed. But a moreRead MoreAnalyzing Diversity Within The Workplace1061 Words   |  5 Pagesare different from one another whether it be ethnicity, religious beliefs, cultural differences, sexual orientation or gender identification, etc. This paper will analyze both the benefits and problems of a diversified workplace. Keywords: Affirmative Action; Diversity; Diversity Management; Diversity Training; Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Literature Review The understanding of race, class, and gender as well as systematic racism and chauvinism must be understood before any analysis of theRead MoreDeveloping Efficient Framework For Social Security Data Mining1606 Words   |  7 Pagesinfo to discriminate the requirement for a bias toward security. These measurements ar accustomed infer the state of the facility system that are classified as either â€Å"stressed† or â€Å"safe.† The system is found to be stressed if the right course of action is to enable the choice theme. Previous studies on PMU measurement-based on-line DSA implicitly suppose that wide space observance systems (WAMS) provide reliable measurements. However, in on-line DSA, PMU measurements will become unprocurable owing

The Dark Side Of Animal Testing - 1255 Words

The Dark Side of Animal Testing Every year, a multitude of animals of all different shapes, sizes, and species are taken from their homes. These animals are subjected to animal testing, the use of animals in order to gain control over the variables that affect our bodies behavior. People are taking these animals from their homes to research and study things that could easily be tested using alternate methods. So a very important question stands, why do corporations continue to test on animals? Due to its unethical nature, animal testing should no longer be practiced anywhere in the world. The harsh reality of the pain caused during animal testing is quite hard for some people to bare. Animal testing’s barbaric methods lead to extreme pain for the animals, whether the pain is mental or physical. For example, a large majority of the intelligent animals subjected to animal testing display the same behavioral signs that a tortured human being exhibits (Goodman). These intelligent animals suffer from severe anxiety, depression, hair loss and other physical and mental illnesses and engage in self-destructive behavior such as biting themselves and pulling out their own hair (Goodman). This is due to the emotional and physical trauma that is induced. Martin Wasserman, former Maryland secretary of Health and Hygiene wrote, â€Å"Animals used in chemical testing- always alive and fully conscious- are never given pain relief. They’re scalded by chemicals on their skin and eyes,Show MoreRelatedThe Dark Side Of Animal Testing1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe Dark Side of Animal Testing Every year, a multitude of animals of all different shapes, sizes, and species are taken from their homes. These animals are subjected to animal testing, the use of animals in order to gain control over the variables that affect our bodies behavior. People are taking these animals from their homes to research and study things that could easily be tested using alternate methods. So a very important question stands, why do corporations continue to test on animals? Read MoreWe Need to Get Rid of Animal Testing742 Words   |  3 Pages21st Century In the 21st century I would get rid of animal testing .Animal research has had a vital role in many scientific and medical advances of the past century and continues to aid our understanding of various diseases throughout the world. There are countless reasons why I would personally get rid of animal testing. Just like everything there are advantages and disadvantages. For example the internet is advantageous because you can find useful information about your city, your homework andRead MoreEssay about We Must Search for Alternatives to Animal Testing1223 Words   |  5 PagesSalk was the one who discovered a cure for this disease thanks to animal research but is animal research always beneficial? â€Å"Treat others as you would want to be treated,† is what the Golden Rule has taught us for many years. 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Risk Management in Projects Business Predefined Objectives

Question: Describe about the Risk Management in Projects for Business Predefined Objectives. Answer: Introduction A project in its simplest form represents a group of interrelated tasks that is carried out to achieve a predefined objective. It is a venture taken up by an individual or an organization that involves analysis and research by the project handler and disciplined execution of the defined strategies defined for the accomplishment of the goals that the project is expected to address. The design and development of projects is a constrained and definite process and the progress of the process is subdivided into smaller processes to ease the development of the project. Project management is the task of monitoring and managing a project from its inception to completion. It is the procedure to establish the scope of the project and strike balance between the quality, cost and time related to the project. Discussion Concept of Project Management The management of a project demands the application of knowledge, skills, methods, processes and experience. The management process is concerned with the process of coordination and collaboration of the individual components of the project development. Project management includes the task of defining the objectives and necessities of the projects, conducting the feasibility study of the project, estimating the resource, requirements and duration of the project (Hopkin 2014). Procuring investments, monitoring the execution of the project and the functions of the involved teams, maintaining the interaction among the stakeholders of the project, benchmarking the development process also fall within the responsibilities of project management. Managing the risks related to the project and the development of the project is a task of vital importance in the project management parlance (Kerzner 2013). Risk in project management is referred to as the combination of the specified hazard and the likelihood it means that the hazard occur in an organization. The risk is the product of hazard and probability. In order to resolve the risks of a project, risk assessment is required to be done to understand the potential losses. The goal of risk assessment is to identify the potential risks; application of appropriate methods based on the hazard occurred and estimated uncertainty to resolve the risk, providing exact solution to reduce the rate of risks (Dong and Ng 2015). It encompasses the analysis of the risks related to the company and formulates procedures and techniques to overcome the hindrances that might occur during the development of the project. Project management oversees the successful development and implementation of a project. The rate of risks oriented to construction industry could be mitigated after the implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM). BIM is referred to as a process of developing building feature with the help of digital innovation. BIM helps to plan for safety and security as well. It helps to build a safe construction project from the environmental aspect. The amount of negative project events will be reduced. The concept ensures the durability of a building. After implementation of BIM, the rates of error occurrence also get reduced dramatically. Techniques of Project Management The variation in project management techniques followed by different organizations led to the formulation of a number of standards to deal with the intricacies of project management. Earned Value Analysis or EVA is one such technique that defines an industry standard method for project management. The Earned Value Management System is based on the principles of EVA, which offers a framework for designing, analyzing and measuring the progress of the project (Fewings 2013). An estimated plan of the project is prepared initially and the actual task is compared with the planned task, periodically to assess the progress and cost of the project. The actual project parameters are compared with the assumed cost of the project and the results of the comparison determines the earnings of the project (Kloppenborg 2014). The objectives of EVMS include the establishment of relation between budget, cost and time of a project and provide the management with a quantitative progress report of the pro ject. China, Japan, Australia, England, Canada, United States and Europe are some of the countries exploiting the prospects of Earned Value Analysis (Wilson,Frolick and Ariyachandra 2013). The EVM is based on the 32-point guideline provided by the ANSI/EIA 748, divided into five sections as 1. Organization, 2. Planning,schedule and management, 3. Accounting considerations, 4. Analysis and management report, 5. Revision and maintenance Guidelines in the organization section focus on the methodology of organizing the project components. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) divides theproject into a number of tasks, describing the contribution of each task in the project. Organization Breakdown Structure (OBS) performs the assignment of the tasks to the responsible parties. WBS and OBS together forms the control account and the Control Account Manager (CAM) is responsible for outlining the scope, budget and schedule of the control account (Lu and Yan 2013.). The control account lays the foundation of the project formulation. Guidelines in the second section provide the foundation for planning and scheduling the project and define parameters to estimate and control the budget of the project. Detailed schedules are prepared, associating the justified values to the schedule structure to obtain the basis for monthly expenditure of the project in terms of finance, labor and time. The performance measurement baseline (PMB) is composed ofthe planned value (PV), taking into account the time schedule of the project (Mubarak 2015). The planned value or the budgeted cost of work scheduled (BCWS) is prepared depicting the estimated monthly cost of each phase of the project. The budget at complete (BAC) depicts the total budget of each task and the entire project. Management reserve (MR) forms the buffer that is required to manage uncertainties in the cost of project development (Patil, Desai and Gupta 2015). The contract budget base (CBB) is obtained by the sum of the BAC and MR.Guidelines in the third section outli ne methods to assess the actual cost of work performed (ACWP) in the project. Consistency is maintained between the planned and actual costs, and the guidelines advice the apt timing to allocate resources to tasks. The section also states the methods to avert booking lags. The guideline in the fourth section describes the methods to determine the variances in cost and schedule of the project and the associated impacts and corrective measures taken by the project (Patil, Desai and Gupta 2015). Estimates at Completion (EAC) are prepared to assess the change in costs. The fifth section incorporates the guidelines to include the changes in the requirements of the customer and the methods required for restructuring the project. Principle and process of risk management The effectiveness of the solution and the risk management decisions are also associated to risk management process. While, conducting a project to provide a set of solution to risks occurred in an organization principle and process of risk management are required to maintain by the project researcher. The principles are as follows: Principle of risk management The threshold approach of risk management is an evident and before making proper measurement, the risks are needed to be identified. Eventual control mechanism based on the estimated cost is needed to be adapted by the project development team (van den Ende and van Marrewijk 2014). A particular point should be considered where; the risk control must be stopped. The earning capacity and the asset could be mentioned by the definition. These assets could either be physical or human as well. Risk management has their own origin in place of manufacturing and in the process industries. Definition of Risks in project Risk is an integral aspect of project management and has a number of definitions in the industry, most of which states that risk is an uncertainty or unprecedented event that is capable of influencing a process significantly (Walker 2015). The uncertainty includes threats as well as opportunities. Risk can be broadlyclassified into two types: strategic and operational. Strategic risks include the risks associated with the design or strategy of the management process, whereas operational risks are associated with the execution of the techniques followed during the management of the project. Risks can also be classified as avoidable and unavoidable, depending on the factors involved in the risk (Pritchard and PMP 2014). An avoidable risk has the potential of being rectified but unavoidable risk cannot be rectified and require management. The possibility of risk may arise from factors such as natural disasters or factors encompassing economic upheaval, political crisis, faulty management and blunders in design (Sears et al. 2015). Risks affect the organization in a number of ways and it influences the assets, revenues performance, and many other factors of the company. Process of Risk management The process of managing risk is carried out by an organization in a series of steps that include the identification, analysis, evaluation of probable risks and defining the requirements and techniques of handling the risk. The risk management process is continually monitored, reviewed and the outcomes are regularly communicated to the stakeholders (Yi and Chan 2013). The risk management process can be broadly classified into the following steps: establishment of the context, identification of risk, analyzing the risk, evaluating the risk and responding to the risks. Process of Risk Management In order to provide a risk management plan for the proposed project for an organization, five simple and effective plans are needed to be served. The process of risk management and the required steps are as follows: Identification of risk: The project development team of a business organization, must uncover, recognize and describe the risks that might affect the expected project outcome (Heagne 2012). The identification process could be start by preparing a project risk register. In construction industry the different the identified different types of risks are environmental risk, business risk, economic risk, cultural risk, design risk, skill oriented risks, financial risks, procurement risks, and technical risks. Analysis of the risks: The consequences of each of the risks are needed to be analyzed properly. Based on the nature of risk and its potential affect the project goal and objectives are needed to be developed by the project development tem of an organization. Evaluation and ranking of the risk: While evaluating a project for an organization, different risks are identified by the management team and based on their risk magnitude the risk are rated by the risk management team (Hopkin 2014). In the project risk register the risks are added efficiently. Treat along with the risk: This is the risk response planning where; different strategies are identified to mitigate the risks that are continuously occurring in an organization (Fewings 2013). Other than that, the prevention planning and contingency planning are needed to be added to the risk management strategy. Monitor and review of the risks: In order to monitor, track and review required steps of risk management are needed to be adapted by the system. Many golden opportunities will be discovered after identifying and managing comprehensive list of project risks. Identification of Risks Identification of risk involves the process of speculating the events or occurrences that might lead to risks and estimating the consequences and effects of the risks. Risks related to a business organization can be categorized as financial, physical, legal and ethical (Chan 2014). Physical risks involve damages to properties due to accidents or natural disasters. Legal damages include legal concerns that bring the company into the act of government and legal authorities (Heagney 2012). Some of the basic techniques to identify the risks associated with a company include surveys, interviews, brainstorming, risk lists, historical data, documented knowledge and experience (Hopkin 2014). Advanced techniques used for the identification of risk include root cause analysis, assumption analysis, SWOT analysis, diagramming techniques and Delphi technique. Analysis of Risks Risk analysis encompasses the techniques to analyze the possibility of occurrence of identified risks and categorize them based on priority. Prioritizing risks enables the organization to design appropriate strategies to act on the risks (Kerzner 2013). The analysis is carried out from two different perspectives: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative analysis technique employs heuristics to estimate the risk factors, whereas quantitative techniques use data and statistics to arrive at the conclusion (Kloppenborg 2014). Qualitative techniques involve assessment of risks based on experience and historical data. Risk categorization, expert judgment, impact matrix, probability matrix and risk urgency assessment are some of the qualitative analysis techniques. Evaluation of Risks Risk evaluation forms an integral aspect of the risk analysis phase. This process compares the identified risks using the analysis techniques and classifies them into two classes: acceptable and unacceptable (Fewings 2013). The acceptable risks denote the risks that are acceptable and are monitored. The risks falling into the unacceptable level are treated immediately. Impact matrices and scales are used to perform the evaluation. Treatment of Risks Risk treatment encompasses the steps of identifying the options of treating the identified and prioritized risks, considering the possibilities of the options and based on the analysis preparing the risk treatment plan. Depending on the requirements and visions of the company, a number of alternate risk management plans are possible (Dong and Ng 2015). The appropriate plan is chosen after analysis of all available options. The plan is based on the priority and significance of risks, taking into account the cost of the risk treatment plan. Insignificant or small risks that do not assert much influence on the working of the company fall into this category (Kloppenborg 2014). Use of standardized techniques to avoid the risks associated with the use of non-standardized techniques is an example of risk avoidance. Risk transference is associated with corporations or projects that involve multiple participants. The use of third party products or code in a software project and involvement of different stakeholders in a construction project are subject to risk transference. Mitigation of Risks Risk mitigation involves the process of controlling, managing or limiting the impact of risk by up taking appropriate measure. This risk management process includes the use of understanding the possibilities of risk and the methods to deal with the risk. Information pertaining to the risk is crucial in risk mitigation (Hopkin 2014). Mitigation process is applied to risks that effect the project adversely if not controlled and the cost associated with the risk is enormous. An example of a risk that requires mitigation is the risk posed by market competition in the development of a product (Chou and Yang 2012). Unprecedented opportunities are events that are unanticipated and offer the potential of being classified as risk. These risks, however, offer prospects of enhancing the growth of the business and therefore demands proper management and exploitation. The management of positive risks includes strategies that accept, enhance, share or exploit the risk and differ from techniques used for the management of negative risks (Mubarak 2015). Acceptance and exploitation of risk offers the prospect of seizing an opportunity that comes up during the project lifecycle (Heagney 2012). Buffering or hedging a risk is a strategic decision for risk management that a company or organization makes to absorb the effects of associated risks. Flexibility in the organizational structure eases the task of risk management and provides options in the decision-making process of the organization. The risk management process requires regular monitoring and reviewing to ensure that the risk management procedure is followed at all levels and all aspects of the organization. Managing risks in Project Risk management is crucial to the development and maintenance of projects. The importance of risk management processes and the variety of strategies followed by different organizations led to the standardization of the risk management process by different organizations (Rowlinson et al. 2014). Risk Management Practices and Guidelines (ISO 31000:2009), GRC Capability model (OCEG Red Book 2.0:2009. Code of Practice for Risk Management (BS 31100:2008), Enterprise Risk Management Integrated framework (COSO: 2004), A Risk Management Standard (FERMA: 2002) and Risk Management for the Insurance Industry (SOLVENCY II: 2012) are the widely accepted standards in the risk management domain (Zhu and Wu 2015). The Australia/New Zealand 4360:2004 standard (AS/NZS 4360:2004) forms the foundation of the ISO 31000:2009 standard. The standards differ in their objectives and target different aspects of project management in order to manage the risks associated with the project. ISO 31000:2009 , BS 31100:2008, COSO:2004, FERMA:2002 focus on the organizational objectives by addressing the key uncertainties associated with the organization and aspires to exceed the expectations posed by its objectives by improving the ability of the organization. OCEG Red Book 2.0:2009 and COSO: 2004 focus on compliance and control (Fewings 2013). These standards are based on historic information and aims to manage and mitigate risks by controlling the fulfillment of objectives and being compliant to the objectives. SOLVENCY II on the other hand is a regulation and organizations are bound to abide by the risk management framework designed by the regulatory body and follow the proposed practices defined by the organization. Strategies for risk management Risk management strategies are evolving constantly and research and development in the field leads to the modification of existing frameworks and standards. The perception of risk management process differs from organization to organization depending on the requirements and business processes followed by the organization (Dong and Ng 2015). The prospect of risk management is different even for the different units within an organization. Mitigation of risks is of primary importance to the internal audit, whereas control of the risk management is of central importance to the compliance functions. The combination of risk management process and EVM offer a reliable information base for managing projects (Zhu and Wu 2015). The two methods complement each other as EVM offers the parameters and processes to establish the baseline of the project and risk management offers the techniques to identify the potential risks associated with the project and the tasks related to it (Chiang, Tao and Wong 2015). Improved baselines aids in the calculation of risk budgets (Wang 2015) The management is able to incorporate the risk management plan into each of the tasks and the granularity of earned value management offers the detailed approach to handle the risks. Risks faced by Construction Industry in projects The construction sector of Hong Kong and China is going through a tough phase and a number of risks are associated with the sector. Government officials, executives of construction industry, and construction professionals of China have come together to address the issue of Hong Kongs construction industry. The industry is facing challenges in the recruiting and retaining construction staffs (Chiang, Tao and Wong 2015). A number of risk factors are identified related to the construction sector of Hong Kong. The evolution of china has resulted in changing government regulations. The replacement and restructuring of regulations and change in standards drastically influence the progress of any business sector (Gershon 2013). The Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) is expected to have a significant effect on the construction sector of China. Intellectual property theft and trademark infringement is prevalent in Chinese industries and this considerably affects the construction business. The growing number of industries in Hong Kong drastically increased the competition in the construction market (Dong and Ng 2015). Rapid cost-cutting and hiring cheap labor is common in the Chinese market. Demand and supply of the market rarely coincide. Predicting the market is tough and finding the right moment to play the market is tougher. The construction industry is composed of a number of components that vary from raw materials to technical equipments and involves a number of other industries, transportation industry being the foremost contributor. Fluctuation in economy of the country and the world and rise of material prices affect the construction industry directly (Hopkin 2014). Majority of Chinese labor industry is middle aged or old and offer less work potential that is affecting the cost benefit of the sector (Pritchard and PMP 2014). The construction industry of Hong Kong is entangled in a number of issues and facing anumber of challenges and risks. Advantages and Disadvantages of Risk Management Various advantages of risk management are described as below: The risk management in projects can also identify possible loss of assets. In this manner, the organization can have financial back up. The risk manager will be able to illustrate if the system will be able to operate in case there is occurrence of threats (Yi and Chan 2013). It provides opportunities in terms of new way of communication on the unravel issues. It helps to increase successful business strategies and operational efficiency of an business organization. The disadvantages of risk management are provided as below: Cost:The risk management process will increase the expense associated with the project. Training:The time spent for improvement and research should be designated for preparing to guarantee legitimate execution of hazard administration (Walker 2015). Motivation:Employees that are as of now usual to their everyday exercises need to change in accordance with new measures. Role of Risk Manager There are various roles of risk manager, some of which are discussed as below: Providing a methodology for identification and analysis on the impact of financial loss for organizations. Examination of the utilization for realistic as well asopportunities that are cost-effective. Preparingrisks management procedures and allocating of budgets to various departments as well as divisions in the organization (Wilson, Frolick and Ariyachandra 2013). Assisting in the evaluation of major contracts along with proposed facilities and new program activities that contribute to consequences as loss as well as insurance. Conclusion The strategies and mechanisms offered by Earned Value Analysis, renders the Earned Value Management System is a suitable candidate to deal with the management of the construction sector of Hong Kong. The EVMS provides the framework to manage the intricacies in the construction sector and offer the techniques that can be utilized to estimate and manage the costs accurately. The incorporation of risk management techniques in the stages of project management offers a healthy business management and growth. Project Management is evolving to suit the requirements of modern projects. Contemporary project management techniques offer mechanisms that suit the transcending nature of projects. Earned Value Analysis offers the prospect of amortized analysis of projects and the comparison of estimated and actual costs offer organization the chance of incorporating dynamic changes in the project management methods. References Chan, D., 2014. The Deterioration of Labour Conditions in China's Construction Sector. Chiang, Y.H., Tao, L. and Wong, F.K., 2015. Causal relationship between construction activities, employment and GDP: The case of Hong Kong.Habitat international,46, pp.1-12. Chou, J.S. and Yang, J.G., 2012. Project management knowledge and effects on construction project outcomes: an empirical study.Project Management Journal,43(5), pp.47-67. Dong, Y.H. and Ng, S.T., 2015. A life cycle assessment model for evaluating the environmental impacts of building construction in Hong Kong.Building and Environment,89, pp.183-191. Fewings, P., 2013.Construction project management: An integrated approach. Routledge. Gershon, M., 2013. Using Earned Value Analysis to Manage Projects.The Journal of Applied Business and Economics,15(1), p.11. Gregori, T. and Pietroforte, R., 2015. An input-output analysis of the construction sector in emerging markets.Construction Management and Economics,33(2), pp.134-145. Harris, F. and McCaffer, R., 2013.Modern construction management. John Wiley Sons. Heagney, J., 2012.Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Hopkin, P., 2014.Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kloppenborg, T., 2014.Contemporary project management. Nelson Education. Lu, S. and Yan, H., 2013. A comparative study of the measurements of perceived risk among contractors in China.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.307-312. Lu, Weisheng, Kunhui Ye, Roger Flanagan, and Carol Jewell. "Developing construction professional services in the international market: SWOT analysis of China."Journal of Management in Engineering29, no. 3 (2013): 302-313. Mubarak, S.A., 2015.Construction project scheduling and control. John Wiley Sons. Murray, M. and Dainty, A., 2013.Corporate social responsibility in the construction industry. Routledge. Patil, S.M., Desai, D.B. and Gupta, A.K., 2015. Earned Value Analysis In Construction Industry.International Journal of Informative Futuristic Research Paper ID JIFR/MH/2015/SI-I/003. Pritchard, C.L. and PMP, P.R., 2014.Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press. Rowlinson, S., YunyanJia, A., Li, B. and ChuanjingJu, C., 2014. Management of climatic heat stress risk in construction: a review of practices, methodologies, and future research.Accident Analysis Prevention,66, pp.187-198. Sai, Y.X., Wang, W.R. and Cai, J.G., 2013. Comparative Study of Old City Transformation Project Management Mode Based on Full Life Cycle for China and Britain-A Case Study of Shanghai Little Lujiazui and London Canary Wharf. InAdvanced Materials Research(Vol. 671, pp. 3091-3095). Trans Tech Publications. Sears, S.K., Sears, G.A., Clough, R.H., Rounds, J.L. and Segner, R.O., 2015.Construction project management. John Wiley Sons. van den Ende, L. and van Marrewijk, A., 2014. The ritualization of transitions in the project life cycle: A study of transition rituals in construction projects.International Journal of Project Management,32(7), pp.1134-1145. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Wang, C., 2015. China and the Agreement on Government Procurement: Costs, Benefits and Challenges of Accession and Implementation.J. Int'l Comp. L.,2, p.259. Wilson, B., Frolick, M. and Ariyachandra, T., 2013. EARNED VALUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: CHALLENGS AND FUTURE DIRECTION.Proceedings of DYNAA,4(1). Xiang, P., Zhou, J., Zhou, X. and Ye, K., 2012. Construction project risk management based on the view of asymmetric information.Journal of construction engineering and management,138(11), pp.1303-1311. Xu, Y., Wang, D. and Liu, C., 2013, July. Contemporary service theories integrated into construction project management. In2013 10th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management(pp. 90-95). IEEE. Yeung, J.F., Chan, A.P., Chan, D.W., Chiang, Y.H. and Yang, H., 2012. Developing a benchmarking model for construction projects in Hong Kong.Journal of construction engineering and management,139(6), pp.705-716. Yi, W. and Chan, A.P., 2013. Critical review of labor productivity research in construction journals.Journal of Management in Engineering,30(2), pp.214-225. Zhu, J.N. and Wu, Y.P., 2015. Lessons from China: fighting corruption in the construction sector.Government Anti-Corruption Strategies: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, pp.59-76. Zhu, S., Tse, S., Goodyear-Smith, F., Yuen, W. and Wong, P.W., 2016. Health-related behaviours and mental health in Hong Kong employees.Occupational Medicine, p.kqw137.

Effects Of Gambling Essays - Gambling, Entertainment,

Effects Of Gambling Gambling is prominent in todays society. This can be seen especially through politics. Everywhere voters are electing people to office who are pro gambling. William Thompson of the University of Nevada (1994) describes politicians by stating, Its part of the American landscape, theyll trade morality for dollars (1). In North and South Carolina, for example, the last governor election showed that the people were for legal gambling by voting in governors who wanted a lottery. Now in the U.S., 47 states including the District of Columbia have legalized gambling. This increase in gambling is argued to be good for the economy, but there is further proof that it not only hurts the economy but society as well. Gambling has become outrageous. In England last year a bookmaking firm called William Hill of London offered bets on the end of the world. Some of these bets include civilization destroyed by mass suicide at 100 million to one odds, destruction by aliens at 500,000 to one odds, and worldwide floods at 100,000 to one odds. One man put a pound on 6,666,666 to one odds that the world would end at six p.m. on the sixth day of the sixth month of 1999. Another man bet at one million to one odds that the world would end on August 11, 1999 at 12:50 p.m. (ironically that happens to be Jerry Springers time slot on many stations) (Playboy 20). Super Bowl bets in Las Vegas were also astounding this past year according to Time magazine. People bet on things like a completed first pass-attempt by John Elway, the jersey number of the first person to score, the team to score the longest touchdown, and the total number of fumbles by both teams. (18) The NCAA mens basketball tournament brought in millions of dollars this past season through gambling. Approximately 80 million was wagered with Nevada bookmakers. This was the first time that the tournament had more bets than the 78 million bet on the Super Bowl. Aside from the legal betting, the FBI estimated that 2.5 million was wagered illegally on the tournament. Many college students/athletes are now getting involved in this sort of gambling. A 1996 study completed by the University of Cincinnati surveyed 2,000 male student-athletes about NCAA rule violations and found that 25% gambled on college events other than their own. Also, 4% admitted to wagering on their own games, and 3% changed the outcome of a game in which they participated (Saum 2). In 1998, a study at a University in the Southeast Conference involving 1000 students showed that athletes were nearly twice as likely to become problem gamblers than non-athletes. Another study was conducted by surveying 1,700 students from six different colleges and universities. It found that 33% of males and 15% of females in college gamble at least once a week. College student gamblers tend to be people who believe they have control of their own destiny, take risks, and feel they ha the skill to be successful in whatever they do. Many college athletes have these same characteristics which could be one of the reasons they gamble. Many cases of college athletes loosing eligibility over gambling exist. One in particular was at a Division I university where student athletes lost 20-30% playing time in a season over betting on professional football and basketball games. In another case at a Division III School, baseball players placed bets using parlay cards and were withheld from playing half of their season. Sports wagering has become very popular and has grown immensely. One reason is that more games are televised. People like to bet on games they can watch. Another reason is that many residence halls are wired to the Internet. Through the Internet, people can place bets on any event at any time. Most like this easy access. Also, many students have access to credit cards. In a survey of students who applied for a loan, it was found that 65% have credit cards and 20% have four or more credit cards. The average balance for these cards is 2,200 dollars. The NCAA is coming up with solutions to the problem of student and illegal wagering on games. One is to build

Free Essays on Rosencrantz And Guildenstern

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, written in the 1960s by playwright Tom Stoppard, is a transformation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Stoppard effectively relocates Shakespeare’s play to the 1960s by reassessing and reevaluating the themes and characters of Hamlet and considering core values and attitudes of the 1960s- a time significantly different to that of Shakespeare. He relies on the audience’s already established knowledge of Hamlet and transforms a revenge tragedy into an Absurd drama, which shifts the focus from royalty to common man. Within Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, Stoppard uses a play within a play to blur the line that defines reality, and in doing so creates confusion both onstage- with his characters, and offstage- with the audience. Using these techniques, Stoppard is able make a statement about his society, creating a play that reflected the attitudes and circumstances of the 1960s, therefore making it more relevant and relatable to t he audiences of that time. The transformation of a Shakespearean Revenge Tragedy into an Absurd Drama means a considerable change in structure from a well-structured and rigid format, into a chaotic and formless play. Stoppard deliberately alters the configuration of the play to create a confusing atmosphere, which creates the exact feeling of society in the 1960s- no definites or certainties to rely on. Language portrays meaning in both plays- the language of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead differs to that of Hamlet. Stoppard employs meaningless colloquial exchanges, such as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s question game, which strongly contrasts to Shakespearean elaborate and poetic verse, as seen throughout the play, especially in Hamlet’s soliloquies- â€Å"There is special providence in the fall of a sparrow.† This is thoughtful and philosophical. Stoppard’s use of language further extends the idea of purposelessness and insignificance. Stoppard bring... Free Essays on Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Free Essays on Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, written in the 1960s by playwright Tom Stoppard, is a transformation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Stoppard effectively relocates Shakespeare’s play to the 1960s by reassessing and reevaluating the themes and characters of Hamlet and considering core values and attitudes of the 1960s- a time significantly different to that of Shakespeare. He relies on the audience’s already established knowledge of Hamlet and transforms a revenge tragedy into an Absurd drama, which shifts the focus from royalty to common man. Within Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, Stoppard uses a play within a play to blur the line that defines reality, and in doing so creates confusion both onstage- with his characters, and offstage- with the audience. Using these techniques, Stoppard is able make a statement about his society, creating a play that reflected the attitudes and circumstances of the 1960s, therefore making it more relevant and relatable to t he audiences of that time. The transformation of a Shakespearean Revenge Tragedy into an Absurd Drama means a considerable change in structure from a well-structured and rigid format, into a chaotic and formless play. Stoppard deliberately alters the configuration of the play to create a confusing atmosphere, which creates the exact feeling of society in the 1960s- no definites or certainties to rely on. Language portrays meaning in both plays- the language of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead differs to that of Hamlet. Stoppard employs meaningless colloquial exchanges, such as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s question game, which strongly contrasts to Shakespearean elaborate and poetic verse, as seen throughout the play, especially in Hamlet’s soliloquies- â€Å"There is special providence in the fall of a sparrow.† This is thoughtful and philosophical. Stoppard’s use of language further extends the idea of purposelessness and insignificance. Stoppard bring...

Classic Hollywood Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Classic Hollywood Cinema - Essay Example This essay prompts readers to revise Bordwells contention in a certain way. Movies have an emotional appeal that transcend gender, because these movies both demonstrate the second-class status of women in society, although Citizen Kane (1941) has shown womens subtle struggles in fighting their patriarchal society. In Citizen Kane (1941) and Shane (1953), men are the more powerful and stronger gender than women. Through a subjective camera, Welles makes the audience feel that they are breaking and entering a mans innermost property, with the â€Å"No Trespassing† sign framing the psychological intrusion into Kanes most-prized property, the Xanadu estate. Welles combines camera tilt with lap dissolves to shoot the high gate and focus on the large steel â€Å"K† sign on top of the gate. This sign stands for Kanes perception of himself as a human being and a â€Å"man,† where he is superior to his women and the people around him. In Shane, Joe (Van Heflin) and Shane work together on the ranch. They swing their axes together, as if in the harmony of brotherhood and masculinity. Their control over their environment also indicates their control over society. Through alternating shots, Stevens depicts the strength of men in the physical and psychological sense. Shane further demo nstrates the patriarchal culture of the setting through the rough-and-tumble way that men resolve their conflicts. During this time, law and order do not concretely exist yet, because America is in its â€Å"becoming† stage. The West is divided, where ranchers and homesteaders, or â€Å"squatters† as ranchers call them, are in conflict over property rights. They cannot resolve their land dispute over rational discussion, since they hate to give concessions to each other. They desire a zero-sum game, where one wins and other loses. This kind of thinking is a facet of realism, where anarchy drives

World Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Religions - Essay Example Renowned in the world of academia, he is the celebrated author of a great many pieces of work related to sociology and religion, one of which is The Heretical Imperative. The purpose of my essay is to elucidate on his theory of heretical imperative. In order for us to understand what that is, we must first understand the key concepts of secularization, modernity, and religion since they play an important part in Mr. Berger’s theory of the heretical imperative. Dr. Peter Berger has written a lot regarding sociology of religion. Therefore, now the question arises, what is religion? According to Berger, â€Å"Religion is the human enterprise by which a sacred cosmos is established...sacred here, meaning a quality of mysterious and awesome power, other than man and yet related to him, which is believed to reside in certain objects of experience† (Berger, 1990, pp. 3-28). Religion is universally agreed to be born of faith in something that is bigger than anything we can ever conceive. A set of guiding rules are established from this faith. Religion helps us by making use of these rules, to create a sacred world for us; sacred because it is a world of mystical occurrences, not directly linked to us but a big part of us. A person can be sacred; an institution, a book, or perhaps a statue too. Anything or any being with which we attach a mystical and awesome power is, in all essence, sacred. And that sacredness is what Berger believes to be religion. In his book, Berger explains the other two vital concepts: modernity and secularization. In sociology, modernity is something that arose post industrial era. It is the phasing out of feudalism by people and their entering into the world that is similar to ours. It is losely linked with modernity is secularization. In Berger’s perspective - and in most sociologists’ as well - secularization marks the movement of the world from living with a close affiliation with religious beliefs to non-religiou s beliefs and secular states. Berger believes that it is pluralism that caused modernity and secularization. So what do these concepts have to do with the concept of heretical imperative? â€Å"Religion itself becomes a matter of choice; of necessary choice insofar there are few taken-for-granted religious ‘facts’ to fall back upon. In other words, religion becomes a heretical imperative† (Knepper, 2001). Here Knepper writes a review by using some of Berger’s own words to describe what a heretical imperative is. We live with a heretical imperative because of the pluralism that exists in our lives. The great numbers of institutions, religions, theories, paradigms give us too many choices. Religion itself is a matter of choice now. â€Å"Berger argues in his book that to face up to the relativity of theological knowledge requires that one affirm certain elements of the tradition and reject others; that is the heretical imperative† (Woodhead, 2001, pp. 1-9). According to Woodhead, Peter Berger has explained in his book that in traditional cultures (of the pre-modern man) people were exposed to a certain set of fundamental principles and rules. It is true that the so many cultures existing today are based on different religious and mythological epistemologies, but each culture, according to Berger, has an internal, underlying consistency; it must have it if it wishes to survive. To challenge this underlying mythology is called heresy. Berger explains heresy to mean to choose for one's self. The irony here, obviously, is that one will be heretical whether they choose traditional values or not. This is because when one chooses any values, or makes any kind of decision regarding religion, the substitutes and other choices are taken into

Fanny Robin Essay Example for Free

Fanny Robin Essay With closer reference to chapters 7, 11 and 16 (appendix), explore Hardy’s presentation of Fanny Robin In chapter seven of the book ‘Far from the Madding Crowd’ by Thomas Hardy, we are introduced to the character Fanny Robin. She is introduced during the night in the bleak darkness of a churchyard which symbolises death and possibly foreshadows unfortunate future events for Fanny. We are told that Fanny has ‘a bundle of some sort’ at her feet; from this, we can notice that Fanny is possibly running away from something. There is evidence that she is poor because she is described as ‘rather thinly clad’, and it is unusual for someone to be wearing very few clothes at such a cold time of year. Oak spares Fanny some money, and in the exchange of the shilling, Oak felt her pulse, it is described as ‘beating with a tragic intensity’ which means that he can notice that she is unhealthy, but the word ‘tragic’ stands out because it suggests a tragedy, where someone usually dies. This also makes us think of a stereotypical image of a heroin in Victorian times; because she is ill, she seems angelic, like she belongs in heaven. Hardy also shows a contrast between Bathsheba and Fanny. Fanny was very grateful and thankful for Oaks generosity and says thank you whereas Bathsheba, in chapter one, doesn’t take much notice of Oaks kindness. Hardy also shows this contrast by use of Pathetic Fallacy; when Bathsheba is introduced, it is made clear to us that she wants to stand out, ‘the sun lighted up to a scarlet glow the crimson jacket she wore. ’ which shows that she is very passionate and unconventional. However, to describe Fanny, Hardy uses expressions like ‘motionless stranger’, which dehumanises her and makes her seem really small and weak. In Chapter eleven, it becomes clear that Fanny had been running away to go and visit her boyfriend, Frank who is a soldier. Soldiers often had a reputation for having many girlfriends so, in this chapter, Fanny comes across as being quite naive. There is more emphasis and description of Fanny’s weakness because she is described as a ‘form’ which makes her seem like a tiny blot or shape in the distance. More Pathetic Fallacies are used in chapter eleven, it is night time, ‘The bell was in the open air, and being overlaid with several inches of muffling snow’, which is describing the setting as being muted and extremely quiet. This person was so much like a mere shade upon the earth’. The word ‘shade’ stands out because it is often a word used instead of ghost. These things could signify death in the relationship of Fanny and Frank. When Fanny tries to gain Frank’s attention outside his window, she throws snow at it, ‘thrown with such imbecility as was shown here’, this shows fanny’s fragility and her inability to do even one small thing; she has to try another couple of times before she actually captures his attention. It shows her persistence and desperation. When Fanny introduces herself to Frank, he says ‘What girl are you? ’ which suggests that Fanny isn’t his only girlfriend, and that he has many. She responds to him, ‘Your wife, Fanny Robin’, which tells us that Frank and Fanny have had some sexual relations because she considers herself to be his wife, but this wouldn’t be openly spoken or written about in Victorian times. Frank asks Fanny, ‘How did you come here? ’; this shows that he did not expect her to be able to visit him because the journey is so long. Franks is inside in the warmth, whereas Fanny is left outside in the cold which show that he’s not particularly interested in her and that he has power over her because they are not in the same room or on the same level. Fanny asks ‘When will it be? ’ to which Frank replies, ‘I don’t quite recollect’ which is playing with her feelings. Fanny then asks when it is they shall be married and Frank is very hesitant and dashes are used in the dialogue which shows that he is not very keen, and has no intention of marriage. The dashes are also use in Fanny’s dialogue, but this is to show emotion in her speech. It is hinted that Fanny and Frank have had sexual relations on more than one occasion because Fanny says ‘You said lots of times you would marry me’. It is possible that Frank only said that he would marry her in order to get her to have sex with him. This also implies that there is a very high chance that Fanny could be pregnant, which could be why she is so desperate to get married and she wants the marriage to happen as soon as possible. She would be thought very poorly of if she was to have a baby out of wed-lock because there was a lot of stigma around this sort of thing in Victorian times, and it would be very difficult for er to find another job or another husband. However, in this chapter, Hardy wants the reader to sympathise for Fanny, because it would not be easy to be in her situation. In chapter sixteen (appendix), the chapter is split up into four main parts to resemble the quarters of the clock. This creates an atmosphere and it emphasises the growing frustration and embarrassment of Frank when Fanny doesn’t show up for their wedding. Frank and Fanny were due to be married in the church, ‘All saints’, but instead, Fanny went to ‘All Souls’, and as a result, was late for her own wedding. This is symbolic because we usually associate souls with death. When Fanny turns up, she asks if they can be married the next day, but Frank says ‘I don’t go through that experience again for some time, I warrant you! ’ because he has lost his pride. Fanny is trembling which shows that she is a conventional image of a woman and lowers herself to men. A lot of the description of Fanny symbolises and foreshadows death; there are many hints that something will go wrong for her or someone close to her in the future. Hardy has created a presentation of a very weak character, who doesn’t want to stand out, but she is also very mysterious and I think that she has a lot of secrets hidden.

Existentialism in The Stranger by Albert Camus :: essays research papers

In defining existentialism the responsibility of the free being is essential to define what one is although the actions taken by the individual are self imposed and are not the fault of the environment. The Stranger by Albert Camus is in relation to the existential philosophy of the individuals deviating thoughts towards their actions are in relation with protagonist Meursault in The Stranger by Albert Camus. Existentialism and its definition of mans self determination reflects life during the world war two era. World war one and two developed a sense of pessimism to the optimistic faith driven world. The suggestion that pessimism dominated the outlook of the world is out ruled in the perspective of an existentialist. The leading philosopher of this attitude Jean ?Paul Sartre believed that in passing judgment of individual?s actions one is being deceptive towards their own. To a spiritual individual this is unacceptable way of thought, coming to terms with the reality of living in purposeless world, would be end to a faith of a purposeful future which ultimately does not exist. In The Stranger Meursault comes to terms with his own execution as he realizes death will come for him weather it is today or five years from now this life is meaningless but he lived as he wanted (Fiero 71 -72). During Post World war two era developments of technology and the modern society?s estrangement from reasoning left the individual alienated from aspects of life. The modern individual discomfort toward the unknown which was ultimately led to death left one alienated with a sense of anxiety. It can be assumed that the individual came to terms with the reality of the world through that existentialism was found. Leading a life that an individual currently wants to live and not that of what society tells them live by for their future, can be compared to Meursault life style. Meursault is a passive man, unmotivated to the individual leading a life of judgment and denial. His way of life fulfills the qualities of an existentialist and he is ridiculed for the ease of the pleasures in his life during his trial (Fiero71). The existential life is free of the constraints of society, morality and values are irrelevant to the existence of the individual. Lack of rationality in a world filled with events occurring spontaneously existentialism can be perceived as the basic irrational structure to an individual?

Awake †Creative writingWriting Essay

The green leaf was melting in my hand. In her pink hair daffodils were sleeping as we were dancing and laughing through the forest’s thunder. She smiles. I feel like heaven’s on earth. She is the love if my life. Everything I ever wanted. The sun sparkles in her eyes of sugar while her soft lips kiss mines. Holding my arm around her waist a shiver of happiness explodes in my veins. I wish this kiss last forever. She is mine. I am hers. Forever as one. From the distance, I see like in a tunnel people dancing and drinking; a party. In the woods?! Like a tornado I feel absorbed and transposed by the dark light in that devilish world and the party becomes my reality†¦ oh no, where did the forest go? My love?! Don’t leave me!†¦ The heat. The noise. The lights. The sounds were an apocalypse of evil. I look at my palm. Drugs. Everything was a hallucination, a frenzy†¦ I look around and all I see is people with evil smiles, blinded by the disco’s lights. As I turn my head round, I see a painting on the wall. No, it can’t be†¦ but yes! It’s her! This can’t be a dream! Her white dress, hypnotic smile and her pink hair with daffodils†¦ and the trees, moaning in the wind’s wild breath. I approach and I feel how my heart struggles to reject the feeling of the pleasant pain of love which surrounds every inch of my being. Shaking, I hold out her and as my hand sinks into the painting I realize†¦ it is real! I can feel her tender skin again†¦ but even though my hand is in heaven, my eyes are in pain as I am blinded by a powerful shiny white light†¦ The disc of the sun is trapped in the vase on my desk which reflects a huge microscopic dot of light torturing my dreamy eyes. I try to open them as I feel my arm numb under my pillow. Half asleep, I smell a scent of toast and bacon. The sun pierces the curtains as I pull them back to reveal a lovely morning. As I step on the cold floor of my bathroom, trying to brush my teeth, I almost put soap on my toothbrush†¦ During my journey to school, I remember the weird dream I had, meanwhile the sun warms up my dreary face as the luring vanilla scent of the car tempts me to go back in the world of dreams, where nothing is impossible†¦ I arrived. As I approach my classroom, from the crowded mass, a new face catches my attention. A boy. Short, black straightened hair, round eyes. I don’t think I’ve seen him before. He is gorgeous. His appearance paralyses me as I’m pushed over by the crowd. He fills the emptiness in my heart. His gestures are so perfectly surreal and full of everything I never had†¦ and always wanted†¦ I want him so bad†¦ In my desperate longing I feel a wave of painful hot tears of silence that reflect his image into my eyes. I’m crying. He’ll never be mine. I try to move but I realize I can’t feel my body anymore. My legs are numb meanwhile I wish he’d turn around once more. If only he’d notice me. I can’t even see him anymore because of the tears flooding my eyes. I never wanted something like this before! Therefore I felt like screaming†¦ his name? Shannon. Shannon†¦ His name was echoing inside me, beyond my being, within my tortured soul of pain, surrounded by weeping tears. I feel caught in a dizzy spin again†¦ people around me have no idea how love is supposed to feel like†¦ they are chatting and making noise therefore causing the violent tornado to spin me in circles of lights and pain as I hear a bell†¦ I need to hurry up†¦ no†¦ it’s the agitated alarm from my phone†¦ stop! I’m awake now.

Cuban Missile Impact On The World Of The Cold War - 902 Words

Cuban Missile War Is Cuban communism the beginning of the Cold War? Could the Cuban Missile Crisis end in the world devastation? According to freedictionary.com, nuclear war is â€Å"war in which nuclear weapons are used by both sides. As generally used, the term assumes major use of nuclear weapons by at least two opposing warring states.† The invasion of Cuba by United States caused by the alliances between Cuba and the Soviet Union brought conflict between those countries. The United State tried to avoid communism from spreading. The Soviet Union supported Cuba with weapons to defend from The United States. For fourteen days the United States stood in quarantine for the threatening of use of nuclear missile set up in Cuba. John F. Kennedy had different strategies to face the crisis such as nuclear strike, conventional attack, use the UN, do nothing, or blockade the sea water that surrounds Cuba. He ended this crisis peacefully after blockading Cuba’s sea water, which avoided Cuba by g etting more weapons. According to the article â€Å"The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962† in the website â€Å"www.johndclare.net† the Cuban Missile Crisis was one cause of the Cold War. It was the time when the world global nuclear war could happen. It points out that the crisis had different causes and effects. The article states that the United State will be tough for the superpower tension between the Soviet Union and the United States. It cites that Cuban joined with Russia to change resources for machinesShow MoreRelatedThe Significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesWhen speaking about the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy said, It is insane that two men, sitting on opposite sides of the world, should be able to decide to bring an end to civilization† (â€Å"Nuclear Test Ban Treaty† 1). the Cuban Missile Crisis was a time where these two men, Kennedy and Khrushchev, had the power in their hands to end civilization. In order to understand the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis one must understand, the Cold war drama; the dangerous crisis; and its importanceRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis : A Ten Day Confrontation Between The United States And The Soviet Union 878 Words   |  4 Pages Will Fain Mr. Shea English 2 Honors 25 January 2016 Cuban Missile Crisis Essay The Cuban Missile Crisis was a thirteen day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in October of 1962. 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Even though the event lasted a mere two week s (from October 14-24, 1962), it played a significant role in international politics, and its effects can still be seen today. The Cuban Missile Crisis is significant to current international relations because it proved the importance ofRead MoreThe Immense Threat of the Cuban Missile Crisis1116 Words   |  4 Pagesweeks in October of 1962. The Cuban Missile Crisis, which is arguably the closest we have come to nuclear war in our history, was the result of five key entities and events. The five entities and events are the Manhattan Engineering District, Strategic Air Command, Mutually Assured Destruction, the missile gap, and the Bay of Pigs invasion. Without each of these individual components, the Cuban Missile Crisis would never have occurred or been the danger to the world that it was. This paper willRead MoreThe End Of World War1303 Words   |  6 Pagesend of World War Two was the beginning of the Cold war. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged from this terri ble time in World History with totally different economic and political goals and ambitions. The Cold War was a state of political, military and economic hostility that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union. The ideological differences between the two superpowers, because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides, the world â€Å"cold’ was used